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The Arizona Boycott's Effect on Meetings

How Arizona's controversial immigration law has shaken the meetings industry

by Cheryl-Anne Sturken
Photograph: John WagnerJuly 1, 2010

Steve Moore i2

Highlights in Recent Boycott History

1979 The National Organization for Women induced dozens of groups to deny convention business to the 15 states that declined to ratify the Equal Rights Amendment of 1972. NOW estimates that 480 organizations with 40 million members supported the boycott against Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, Nevada, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Utah and Virginia.  

1988 Several agricultural groups, including the American Farm Bureau and the Produce Marketing Association, canceled meetings in San Francisco after city politicians endorsed the United Farm Worker's boycott of grapes sprayed with pesticide. The city lost an estimated $18.7 million in group spend.

1992 Arizona lost about 170 meetings and conventions, including the 1993 Super Bowl, with a combined economic impact of $300 million, because of the state's refusal to observe the federal holiday honoring the birthday of Martin Luther King Jr. The following year, the state approved observance of the day.

1993 Colorado passed Amendment 2, prohibiting legal protection from discrimination based on sexual orientation. Boycott Colorado, a grassroots organization that sprung up in response, estimated that more than 62 businesses endorsed its campaign and canceled meetings in the state, including the National Association of Hispanic Journalists, which paid $70,000 in cancellation penalties.

2000 The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People called for an economic boycott of South Carolina to force the state to remove the Confederate flag from atop the State House dome in the capital city of Columbia. The flag was removed on July 1, 2000, but its relocation to the front lawn of the State House did not mollify the civil rights organization, which considers the boycott still in effect.

2001 The shooting of an unarmed African-American man by a white police officer in Cincinnati sparked four days of rioting and subsequently led to a boycott by groups, including the Progressive National Baptists Convention, the Union of Black Episcopalians and the National Urban League, costing the city more than $10 million in lost business.

2005 The city council in Columbus, Ohio, enacted legislation banning the sale of certain kinds of assault weapons; the National Rifle Association immediately canceled plans to hold its 2007 annual convention in the city, an event expected to draw 65,000 attendees and pump $15 million into the local economy.

2006 The 70,000-member American College of Surgeons issued a boycott of Georgia over the state's laws governing which types of doctors can operate outpatient surgery centers. The group still maintains that it will not consider the state as a site for any future meetings or conventions.


Fighting back Hospitality industry associations from every sector have responded to the boycott with a united front in support of Arizona. "Every destination knows that tomorrow they could be in the same predicament over some political decision they cannot control," says Michael Gehrisch, president and CEO of Washington, D.C.-based Destination Marketing Association International. As a result, he notes, "none of our members want to prey on business lost by a destination" over such issues.

The U.S. Travel Association in Washington, D.C., which issued a statement on April 30 calling for an end to the boycott, has been quietly lobbying politicians and business on both sides of SB 1070 to take the tourism industry out of the equation and make immigration reform a federal, rather than a state, imperative (the same stance being taken by the Obama administration). While the USTA declined to comment for this story, Moore says the organization's support has been invaluable in his ongoing efforts to promote the importance of meetings and conventions and protect Phoenix from further economic hardship.

When the Washington, D.C., City Council threatened to enact legislation urging the district's businesses to boycott travel to Arizona -- following the lead of cities such as Boston; Boulder, Colo.; El Paso, Texas;  San Diego, and San Francisco -- the American Hotel & Lodging Association, also based in D.C., issued a stinging rebuke. In a letter addressed to city council chairman Vincent Gray, AH&LA's president and CEO, Joe McInerney, wrote, "What if Arizona citizens did not travel to Washington or host meetings in this city because members of the Arizona State Legislature did not like the district's stance on the five-cent bag recycling tax or on allowing gay marriage? Do we really want to set that type of precedent in the nation's capital city?"

For her part, Debbie Johnson, president and CEO of the Arizona Hotel & Lodging Association, which represents more than 34,000 hotel rooms statewide and has 400-plus members, says, "I have been called every name in the book from individuals on both sides of this issue, but we will remain focused. Arizona's reputation has been tarnished and damaged. We will not let it stay that way."

In mid-May, Gov. Brewer met with tourism leaders from across the state and charged a 15-member task force, under the auspices of the Arizona Office of Tourism and funded with $250,000 from the Arizona Department of Commerce, with launching a campaign to staunch the flow of lost meeting and conventions business and encourage local and out-of-state tourism through promotional offers. The group's initial fact-finding report was due to the governor in mid-June, with a follow-up report scheduled to be delivered July 12 during the Arizona Governor's Conference on Tourism.

Notes Steve Moore, a task force member, "I will chair a section on the true power of meetings and conventions and show how meetings revenue is vital to sustain state budgets." One objective, he says, is to make it painfully clear that groups have choices. "Attrition clauses today are not as narrow and ironclad as they were before 9/11," he says. "Groups don't sign contracts years in advance anymore, which means they have more flexibility to pull out closer to their event, which gives them choices where to spend their dollars. Legislators need to understand this."

Moore also has formed an important alliance with Phoenix Mayor Phil Gordon, who has been the bureau's strongest spokesperson. "He has gone before the U.S. Conference of Mayors on our behalf to explain to his colleagues why boycotts are economic suicide," he notes.

At press time, the Phoenix CVB had put together an information kit for planners who call with concerns; it includes a copy of the bill, so interested parties can see the actual law and its attempts to safeguard against racial profiling, and a copy of the police training video created to help the state's local law-enforcement agencies carry out the law's provisions with all due sensitivity to racial issues.   

"But because the issues on either side are so controversial and the rhetoric so inflammatory, we will not engage in any discussion of the bill," Moore says. "Instead, we are giving planners every bit of information we can get our hands on, so they can make an informed decision."


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